v4l2.c

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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000,2001 Fabrice Bellard
 * Copyright (c) 2006 Luca Abeni
 *
 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
 *
 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

/**
 * @file
 * Video4Linux2 grab interface
 *
 * Part of this file is based on the V4L2 video capture example
 * (http://linuxtv.org/downloads/v4l-dvb-apis/capture-example.html)
 *
 * Thanks to Michael Niedermayer for providing the mapping between
 * V4L2_PIX_FMT_* and AV_PIX_FMT_*
 */

#undef __STRICT_ANSI__ //workaround due to broken kernel headers
#include "config.h"
#include "libavformat/internal.h"
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#if HAVE_SYS_VIDEOIO_H
#include <sys/videoio.h>
#else
#if HAVE_ASM_TYPES_H
#include <asm/types.h>
#endif
#include <linux/videodev2.h>
#endif
#include "libavutil/avassert.h"
#include "libavutil/imgutils.h"
#include "libavutil/log.h"
#include "libavutil/opt.h"
#include "avdevice.h"
#include "timefilter.h"
#include "libavutil/parseutils.h"
#include "libavutil/pixdesc.h"
#include "libavutil/avstring.h"

#if CONFIG_LIBV4L2
#include <libv4l2.h>
#else
#define v4l2_open   open
#define v4l2_close  close
#define v4l2_dup    dup
#define v4l2_ioctl  ioctl
#define v4l2_read   read
#define v4l2_mmap   mmap
#define v4l2_munmap munmap
#endif

static const int desired_video_buffers = 256;

#define V4L_ALLFORMATS  3
#define V4L_RAWFORMATS  1
#define V4L_COMPFORMATS 2

/**
 * Return timestamps to the user exactly as returned by the kernel
 */
#define V4L_TS_DEFAULT  0
/**
 * Autodetect the kind of timestamps returned by the kernel and convert to
 * absolute (wall clock) timestamps.
 */
#define V4L_TS_ABS      1
/**
 * Assume kernel timestamps are from the monotonic clock and convert to
 * absolute timestamps.
 */
#define V4L_TS_MONO2ABS 2

/**
 * Once the kind of timestamps returned by the kernel have been detected,
 * the value of the timefilter (NULL or not) determines whether a conversion
 * takes place.
 */
#define V4L_TS_CONVERT_READY V4L_TS_DEFAULT

struct video_data {
    AVClass *class;
    int fd;
    int frame_format; /* V4L2_PIX_FMT_* */
    int width, height;
    int frame_size;
    int interlaced;
    int top_field_first;
    int ts_mode;
    TimeFilter *timefilter;
    int64_t last_time_m;

    int buffers;
    void **buf_start;
    unsigned int *buf_len;
    int *buf_dequeued;
    char *standard;
    v4l2_std_id std_id;
    int channel;
    char *pixel_format; /**< Set by a private option. */
    int list_format;    /**< Set by a private option. */
    int list_standard;  /**< Set by a private option. */
    char *framerate;    /**< Set by a private option. */
};

struct buff_data {
    int index;
    int fd;
    int *buf_dequeued;
};

struct fmt_map {
    enum AVPixelFormat ff_fmt;
    enum AVCodecID codec_id;
    uint32_t v4l2_fmt;
};

static struct fmt_map fmt_conversion_table[] = {
    //ff_fmt           codec_id           v4l2_fmt
    { AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420  },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420  },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV422P },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_YUYV422, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV    },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_UYVY422, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_UYVY    },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_YUV411P, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV411P },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_YUV410P, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV410  },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_YUV410P, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU410  },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_RGB555LE,AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB555  },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_RGB555BE,AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB555X },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_RGB565LE,AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB565  },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_RGB565BE,AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB565X },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24,   AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24   },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24,   AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24   },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_BGR0,    AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR32   },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_0RGB,    AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB32   },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY8,   AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_GREY    },
#ifdef V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y16
    { AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY16LE,AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y16     },
#endif
    { AV_PIX_FMT_NV12,    AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12    },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_NONE,    AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEG,    V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG   },
    { AV_PIX_FMT_NONE,    AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEG,    V4L2_PIX_FMT_JPEG    },
#ifdef V4L2_PIX_FMT_H264
    { AV_PIX_FMT_NONE,    AV_CODEC_ID_H264,     V4L2_PIX_FMT_H264    },
#endif
#ifdef V4L2_PIX_FMT_CPIA1
    { AV_PIX_FMT_NONE,    AV_CODEC_ID_CPIA,     V4L2_PIX_FMT_CPIA1   },
#endif
};

static int device_open(AVFormatContext *ctx)
{
    struct v4l2_capability cap;
    int fd;
    int ret;
    int flags = O_RDWR;

    if (ctx->flags & AVFMT_FLAG_NONBLOCK) {
        flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
    }

    fd = v4l2_open(ctx->filename, flags, 0);
    if (fd < 0) {
        ret = AVERROR(errno);
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot open video device %s: %s\n",
               ctx->filename, av_err2str(ret));
        return ret;
    }

    if (v4l2_ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap) < 0) {
        ret = AVERROR(errno);
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ioctl(VIDIOC_QUERYCAP): %s\n",
               av_err2str(ret));
        goto fail;
    }

    av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "fd:%d capabilities:%x\n",
           fd, cap.capabilities);

    if (!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE)) {
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Not a video capture device.\n");
        ret = AVERROR(ENODEV);
        goto fail;
    }

    if (!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_STREAMING)) {
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
               "The device does not support the streaming I/O method.\n");
        ret = AVERROR(ENOSYS);
        goto fail;
    }

    return fd;

fail:
    v4l2_close(fd);
    return ret;
}

static int device_init(AVFormatContext *ctx, int *width, int *height,
                       uint32_t pix_fmt)
{
    struct video_data *s = ctx->priv_data;
    int fd = s->fd;
    struct v4l2_format fmt = { .type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE };
    struct v4l2_pix_format *pix = &fmt.fmt.pix;

    int res = 0;

    pix->width = *width;
    pix->height = *height;
    pix->pixelformat = pix_fmt;
    pix->field = V4L2_FIELD_ANY;

    if (v4l2_ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt) < 0)
        res = AVERROR(errno);

    if ((*width != fmt.fmt.pix.width) || (*height != fmt.fmt.pix.height)) {
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_INFO,
               "The V4L2 driver changed the video from %dx%d to %dx%d\n",
               *width, *height, fmt.fmt.pix.width, fmt.fmt.pix.height);
        *width = fmt.fmt.pix.width;
        *height = fmt.fmt.pix.height;
    }

    if (pix_fmt != fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat) {
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG,
               "The V4L2 driver changed the pixel format "
               "from 0x%08X to 0x%08X\n",
               pix_fmt, fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat);
        res = AVERROR(EINVAL);
    }

    if (fmt.fmt.pix.field == V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED) {
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG,
               "The V4L2 driver is using the interlaced mode\n");
        s->interlaced = 1;
    }

    return res;
}

static int first_field(int fd)
{
    int res;
    v4l2_std_id std;

    res = v4l2_ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_G_STD, &std);
    if (res < 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (std & V4L2_STD_NTSC) {
        return 0;
    }

    return 1;
}

static uint32_t fmt_ff2v4l(enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt, enum AVCodecID codec_id)
{
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(fmt_conversion_table); i++) {
        if ((codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_NONE ||
             fmt_conversion_table[i].codec_id == codec_id) &&
            (pix_fmt == AV_PIX_FMT_NONE ||
             fmt_conversion_table[i].ff_fmt == pix_fmt)) {
            return fmt_conversion_table[i].v4l2_fmt;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

static enum AVPixelFormat fmt_v4l2ff(uint32_t v4l2_fmt, enum AVCodecID codec_id)
{
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(fmt_conversion_table); i++) {
        if (fmt_conversion_table[i].v4l2_fmt == v4l2_fmt &&
            fmt_conversion_table[i].codec_id == codec_id) {
            return fmt_conversion_table[i].ff_fmt;
        }
    }

    return AV_PIX_FMT_NONE;
}

static enum AVCodecID fmt_v4l2codec(uint32_t v4l2_fmt)
{
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(fmt_conversion_table); i++) {
        if (fmt_conversion_table[i].v4l2_fmt == v4l2_fmt) {
            return fmt_conversion_table[i].codec_id;
        }
    }

    return AV_CODEC_ID_NONE;
}

#if HAVE_STRUCT_V4L2_FRMIVALENUM_DISCRETE
static void list_framesizes(AVFormatContext *ctx, int fd, uint32_t pixelformat)
{
    struct v4l2_frmsizeenum vfse = { .pixel_format = pixelformat };

    while(!ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES, &vfse)) {
        switch (vfse.type) {
        case V4L2_FRMSIZE_TYPE_DISCRETE:
            av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_INFO, " %ux%u",
                   vfse.discrete.width, vfse.discrete.height);
        break;
        case V4L2_FRMSIZE_TYPE_CONTINUOUS:
        case V4L2_FRMSIZE_TYPE_STEPWISE:
            av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_INFO, " {%u-%u, %u}x{%u-%u, %u}",
                   vfse.stepwise.min_width,
                   vfse.stepwise.max_width,
                   vfse.stepwise.step_width,
                   vfse.stepwise.min_height,
                   vfse.stepwise.max_height,
                   vfse.stepwise.step_height);
        }
        vfse.index++;
    }
}
#endif

static void list_formats(AVFormatContext *ctx, int fd, int type)
{
    struct v4l2_fmtdesc vfd = { .type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE };

    while(!ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT, &vfd)) {
        enum AVCodecID codec_id = fmt_v4l2codec(vfd.pixelformat);
        enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt = fmt_v4l2ff(vfd.pixelformat, codec_id);

        vfd.index++;

        if (!(vfd.flags & V4L2_FMT_FLAG_COMPRESSED) &&
            type & V4L_RAWFORMATS) {
            const char *fmt_name = av_get_pix_fmt_name(pix_fmt);
            av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_INFO, "Raw       : %9s : %20s :",
                   fmt_name ? fmt_name : "Unsupported",
                   vfd.description);
        } else if (vfd.flags & V4L2_FMT_FLAG_COMPRESSED &&
                   type & V4L_COMPFORMATS) {
            AVCodec *codec = avcodec_find_decoder(codec_id);
            av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_INFO, "Compressed: %9s : %20s :",
                   codec ? codec->name : "Unsupported",
                   vfd.description);
        } else {
            continue;
        }

#ifdef V4L2_FMT_FLAG_EMULATED
        if (vfd.flags & V4L2_FMT_FLAG_EMULATED) {
            av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "%s", "Emulated");
            continue;
        }
#endif
#if HAVE_STRUCT_V4L2_FRMIVALENUM_DISCRETE
        list_framesizes(ctx, fd, vfd.pixelformat);
#endif
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_INFO, "\n");
    }
}

static void list_standards(AVFormatContext *ctx)
{
    int ret;
    struct video_data *s = ctx->priv_data;
    struct v4l2_standard standard;

    if (s->std_id == 0)
        return;

    for (standard.index = 0; ; standard.index++) {
        if (v4l2_ioctl(s->fd, VIDIOC_ENUMSTD, &standard) < 0) {
            ret = AVERROR(errno);
            if (ret == AVERROR(EINVAL)) {
                break;
            } else {
                av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ioctl(VIDIOC_ENUMSTD): %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
                return;
            }
        }
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_INFO, "%2d, %16llx, %s\n",
               standard.index, standard.id, standard.name);
    }
}

static int mmap_init(AVFormatContext *ctx)
{
    int i, res;
    struct video_data *s = ctx->priv_data;
    struct v4l2_requestbuffers req = {
        .type   = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE,
        .count  = desired_video_buffers,
        .memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP
    };

    if (v4l2_ioctl(s->fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req) < 0) {
        res = AVERROR(errno);
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ioctl(VIDIOC_REQBUFS): %s\n", av_err2str(res));
        return res;
    }

    if (req.count < 2) {
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Insufficient buffer memory\n");
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }
    s->buffers = req.count;
    s->buf_start = av_malloc(sizeof(void *) * s->buffers);
    if (s->buf_start == NULL) {
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot allocate buffer pointers\n");
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }
    s->buf_len = av_malloc(sizeof(unsigned int) * s->buffers);
    if (s->buf_len == NULL) {
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot allocate buffer sizes\n");
        av_free(s->buf_start);
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }
    s->buf_dequeued = av_mallocz(sizeof(int) * s->buffers);
    if (s->buf_dequeued == NULL) {
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot allocate buffer array\n");
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }

    for (i = 0; i < req.count; i++) {
        struct v4l2_buffer buf = {
            .type   = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE,
            .index  = i,
            .memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP
        };
        if (v4l2_ioctl(s->fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf) < 0) {
            res = AVERROR(errno);
            av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ioctl(VIDIOC_QUERYBUF): %s\n", av_err2str(res));
            return res;
        }

        s->buf_len[i] = buf.length;
        if (s->frame_size > 0 && s->buf_len[i] < s->frame_size) {
            av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                   "buf_len[%d] = %d < expected frame size %d\n",
                   i, s->buf_len[i], s->frame_size);
            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        }
        s->buf_start[i] = v4l2_mmap(NULL, buf.length,
                               PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,
                               s->fd, buf.m.offset);

        if (s->buf_start[i] == MAP_FAILED) {
            res = AVERROR(errno);
            av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "mmap: %s\n", av_err2str(res));
            return res;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

static int enqueue_buffer(int fd, int index)
{
    int res;
    struct v4l2_buffer buf = { 0 };

    buf.type   = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
    buf.index  = index;

    if (v4l2_ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf) < 0) {
        res = AVERROR(errno);
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ioctl(VIDIOC_QBUF): %s\n", av_err2str(res));
        return res;
    }
    return 0;
}

static void mmap_release_buffer(AVPacket *pkt)
{
    struct buff_data *buf_descriptor = pkt->priv;

    if (pkt->data == NULL)
        return;

    if (buf_descriptor->index == -1) {
        av_free(pkt->data);
    } else {
        if (!enqueue_buffer(buf_descriptor->fd, buf_descriptor->index))
            buf_descriptor->buf_dequeued[buf_descriptor->index] = 0;
    }
    av_free(buf_descriptor);

    pkt->data = NULL;
    pkt->size = 0;
}

#if HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
static int64_t av_gettime_monotonic(void)
{
    struct timespec tv;

    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &tv);
    return (int64_t)tv.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv.tv_nsec / 1000;
}
#endif

static int init_convert_timestamp(AVFormatContext *ctx, int64_t ts)
{
    struct video_data *s = ctx->priv_data;
    int64_t now;

    now = av_gettime();
    if (s->ts_mode == V4L_TS_ABS &&
        ts <= now + 1 * AV_TIME_BASE && ts >= now - 10 * AV_TIME_BASE) {
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_INFO, "Detected absolute timestamps\n");
        s->ts_mode = V4L_TS_CONVERT_READY;
        return 0;
    }
#if HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
    now = av_gettime_monotonic();
    if (s->ts_mode == V4L_TS_MONO2ABS ||
        (ts <= now + 1 * AV_TIME_BASE && ts >= now - 10 * AV_TIME_BASE)) {
        int64_t period = av_rescale_q(1, AV_TIME_BASE_Q,
                                      ctx->streams[0]->avg_frame_rate);
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_INFO, "Detected monotonic timestamps, converting\n");
        /* microseconds instead of seconds, MHz instead of Hz */
        s->timefilter = ff_timefilter_new(1, period, 1.0E-6);
        s->ts_mode = V4L_TS_CONVERT_READY;
        return 0;
    }
#endif
    av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unknown timestamps\n");
    return AVERROR(EIO);
}

static int convert_timestamp(AVFormatContext *ctx, int64_t *ts)
{
    struct video_data *s = ctx->priv_data;

    if (s->ts_mode) {
        int r = init_convert_timestamp(ctx, *ts);
        if (r < 0)
            return r;
    }
#if HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
    if (s->timefilter) {
        int64_t nowa = av_gettime();
        int64_t nowm = av_gettime_monotonic();
        ff_timefilter_update(s->timefilter, nowa, nowm - s->last_time_m);
        s->last_time_m = nowm;
        *ts = ff_timefilter_eval(s->timefilter, *ts - nowm);
    }
#endif
    return 0;
}

static int mmap_read_frame(AVFormatContext *ctx, AVPacket *pkt)
{
    struct video_data *s = ctx->priv_data;
    struct v4l2_buffer buf = {
        .type   = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE,
        .memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP
    };
    struct buff_data *buf_descriptor;
    int res, i, free_buffers;

    /* FIXME: Some special treatment might be needed in case of loss of signal... */
    while ((res = v4l2_ioctl(s->fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf)) < 0 && (errno == EINTR));
    if (res < 0) {
        if (errno == EAGAIN)
            return AVERROR(EAGAIN);
        res = AVERROR(errno);
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ioctl(VIDIOC_DQBUF): %s\n", av_err2str(res));
        return res;
    }

    if (buf.index >= s->buffers) {
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid buffer index received.\n");
        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
    }

    /* CPIA is a compressed format and we don't know the exact number of bytes
     * used by a frame, so set it here as the driver announces it.
     */
    if (ctx->video_codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_CPIA)
        s->frame_size = buf.bytesused;

    if (s->frame_size > 0 && buf.bytesused != s->frame_size) {
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
               "The v4l2 frame is %d bytes, but %d bytes are expected\n",
               buf.bytesused, s->frame_size);
        enqueue_buffer(s->fd, buf.index);
        return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
    }

    buf_descriptor = av_malloc(sizeof(struct buff_data));
    if (buf_descriptor == NULL) {
        /* Something went wrong... Since av_malloc() failed, we cannot even
         * allocate a buffer for memcopying into it
         */
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to allocate a buffer descriptor\n");
        res = v4l2_ioctl(s->fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf);
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }
    buf_descriptor->fd = s->fd;
    buf_descriptor->buf_dequeued = s->buf_dequeued;

    free_buffers = -1; /* start from -1 because we just dequeued a buffer */
    for (i = 0; i < s->buffers; i++)
        if (s->buf_dequeued[i] == 0)
            free_buffers++;

    if (free_buffers == 0) {
        if ((res = av_new_packet(pkt, buf.bytesused)) < 0) {
            enqueue_buffer(s->fd, buf.index);
            return res;
        }
        memcpy(pkt->data, s->buf_start[buf.index], buf.bytesused);
        enqueue_buffer(s->fd, buf.index);
        buf_descriptor->index = -1;
    } else {
        /* Image is at s->buff_start[buf.index] */
        pkt->data = s->buf_start[buf.index];
        buf_descriptor->index = buf.index;
        buf_descriptor->buf_dequeued[buf.index] = 1;
    }
    pkt->size = buf.bytesused;
    pkt->priv = buf_descriptor;
    pkt->destruct = mmap_release_buffer;
    pkt->pts = buf.timestamp.tv_sec * INT64_C(1000000) + buf.timestamp.tv_usec;
    res = convert_timestamp(ctx, &pkt->pts);
    if (res < 0) {
        mmap_release_buffer(pkt);
        return res;
    }

    return s->buf_len[buf.index];
}

static int mmap_start(AVFormatContext *ctx)
{
    struct video_data *s = ctx->priv_data;
    enum v4l2_buf_type type;
    int i, res;

    for (i = 0; i < s->buffers; i++) {
        struct v4l2_buffer buf = {
            .type   = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE,
            .index  = i,
            .memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP
        };

        if (v4l2_ioctl(s->fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf) < 0) {
            res = AVERROR(errno);
            av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ioctl(VIDIOC_QBUF): %s\n", av_err2str(res));
            return res;
        }
    }

    type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    if (v4l2_ioctl(s->fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type) < 0) {
        res = AVERROR(errno);
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ioctl(VIDIOC_STREAMON): %s\n", av_err2str(res));
        return res;
    }

    return 0;
}

static void mmap_close(struct video_data *s)
{
    enum v4l2_buf_type type;
    int i;

    type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    /* We do not check for the result, because we could
     * not do anything about it anyway...
     */
    v4l2_ioctl(s->fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, &type);
    for (i = 0; i < s->buffers; i++) {
        v4l2_munmap(s->buf_start[i], s->buf_len[i]);
    }
    av_free(s->buf_start);
    av_free(s->buf_len);
    av_free(s->buf_dequeued);
}

static int v4l2_set_parameters(AVFormatContext *s1)
{
    struct video_data *s = s1->priv_data;
    struct v4l2_standard standard = { 0 };
    struct v4l2_streamparm streamparm = { 0 };
    struct v4l2_fract *tpf;
    AVRational framerate_q = { 0 };
    int i, ret;

    if (s->framerate &&
        (ret = av_parse_video_rate(&framerate_q, s->framerate)) < 0) {
        av_log(s1, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Could not parse framerate '%s'.\n",
               s->framerate);
        return ret;
    }

    if (s->standard) {
        if (s->std_id) {
            ret = 0;
            av_log(s1, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Setting standard: %s\n", s->standard);
            /* set tv standard */
            for (i = 0; ; i++) {
                standard.index = i;
                if (v4l2_ioctl(s->fd, VIDIOC_ENUMSTD, &standard) < 0) {
                    ret = AVERROR(errno);
                    break;
                }
                if (!av_strcasecmp(standard.name, s->standard))
                    break;
            }
            if (ret < 0) {
                av_log(s1, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unknown or unsupported standard '%s'\n", s->standard);
                return ret;
            }

            if (v4l2_ioctl(s->fd, VIDIOC_S_STD, &standard.id) < 0) {
                ret = AVERROR(errno);
                av_log(s1, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ioctl(VIDIOC_S_STD): %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
                return ret;
            }
        } else {
            av_log(s1, AV_LOG_WARNING,
                   "This device does not support any standard\n");
        }
    }

    /* get standard */
    if (v4l2_ioctl(s->fd, VIDIOC_G_STD, &s->std_id) == 0) {
        tpf = &standard.frameperiod;
        for (i = 0; ; i++) {
            standard.index = i;
            if (v4l2_ioctl(s->fd, VIDIOC_ENUMSTD, &standard) < 0) {
                ret = AVERROR(errno);
                av_log(s1, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ioctl(VIDIOC_ENUMSTD): %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
                return ret;
            }
            if (standard.id == s->std_id) {
                av_log(s1, AV_LOG_DEBUG,
                       "Current standard: %s, id: %"PRIu64", frameperiod: %d/%d\n",
                       standard.name, (uint64_t)standard.id, tpf->numerator, tpf->denominator);
                break;
            }
        }
    } else {
        tpf = &streamparm.parm.capture.timeperframe;
    }

    streamparm.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    if (v4l2_ioctl(s->fd, VIDIOC_G_PARM, &streamparm) < 0) {
        ret = AVERROR(errno);
        av_log(s1, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ioctl(VIDIOC_G_PARM): %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
        return ret;
    }

    if (framerate_q.num && framerate_q.den) {
        if (streamparm.parm.capture.capability & V4L2_CAP_TIMEPERFRAME) {
            tpf = &streamparm.parm.capture.timeperframe;

            av_log(s1, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Setting time per frame to %d/%d\n",
                   framerate_q.den, framerate_q.num);
            tpf->numerator   = framerate_q.den;
            tpf->denominator = framerate_q.num;

            if (v4l2_ioctl(s->fd, VIDIOC_S_PARM, &streamparm) < 0) {
                ret = AVERROR(errno);
                av_log(s1, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ioctl(VIDIOC_S_PARM): %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
                return ret;
            }

            if (framerate_q.num != tpf->denominator ||
                framerate_q.den != tpf->numerator) {
                av_log(s1, AV_LOG_INFO,
                       "The driver changed the time per frame from "
                       "%d/%d to %d/%d\n",
                       framerate_q.den, framerate_q.num,
                       tpf->numerator, tpf->denominator);
            }
        } else {
            av_log(s1, AV_LOG_WARNING,
                   "The driver does not allow to change time per frame\n");
        }
    }
    s1->streams[0]->avg_frame_rate.num = tpf->denominator;
    s1->streams[0]->avg_frame_rate.den = tpf->numerator;
    s1->streams[0]->r_frame_rate = s1->streams[0]->avg_frame_rate;

    return 0;
}

static int device_try_init(AVFormatContext *s1,
                           enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt,
                           int *width,
                           int *height,
                           uint32_t *desired_format,
                           enum AVCodecID *codec_id)
{
    int ret, i;

    *desired_format = fmt_ff2v4l(pix_fmt, s1->video_codec_id);

    if (*desired_format) {
        ret = device_init(s1, width, height, *desired_format);
        if (ret < 0) {
            *desired_format = 0;
            if (ret != AVERROR(EINVAL))
                return ret;
        }
    }

    if (!*desired_format) {
        for (i = 0; i<FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(fmt_conversion_table); i++) {
            if (s1->video_codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_NONE ||
                fmt_conversion_table[i].codec_id == s1->video_codec_id) {
                av_log(s1, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Trying to set codec:%s pix_fmt:%s\n",
                       avcodec_get_name(fmt_conversion_table[i].codec_id),
                       (char *)av_x_if_null(av_get_pix_fmt_name(fmt_conversion_table[i].ff_fmt), "none"));

                *desired_format = fmt_conversion_table[i].v4l2_fmt;
                ret = device_init(s1, width, height, *desired_format);
                if (ret >= 0)
                    break;
                else if (ret != AVERROR(EINVAL))
                    return ret;
                *desired_format = 0;
            }
        }

        if (*desired_format == 0) {
            av_log(s1, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot find a proper format for "
                   "codec '%s' (id %d), pixel format '%s' (id %d)\n",
                   avcodec_get_name(s1->video_codec_id), s1->video_codec_id,
                   (char *)av_x_if_null(av_get_pix_fmt_name(pix_fmt), "none"), pix_fmt);
            ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
        }
    }

    *codec_id = fmt_v4l2codec(*desired_format);
    av_assert0(*codec_id != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE);
    return ret;
}

static int v4l2_read_header(AVFormatContext *s1)
{
    struct video_data *s = s1->priv_data;
    AVStream *st;
    int res = 0;
    uint32_t desired_format;
    enum AVCodecID codec_id = AV_CODEC_ID_NONE;
    enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_NONE;
    struct v4l2_input input = { 0 };

    st = avformat_new_stream(s1, NULL);
    if (!st)
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);

    s->fd = device_open(s1);
    if (s->fd < 0)
        return s->fd;

    /* set tv video input */
    av_log(s1, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Selecting input_channel: %d\n", s->channel);
    if (v4l2_ioctl(s->fd, VIDIOC_S_INPUT, &s->channel) < 0) {
        res = AVERROR(errno);
        av_log(s1, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ioctl(VIDIOC_S_INPUT): %s\n", av_err2str(res));
        return res;
    }

    input.index = s->channel;
    if (v4l2_ioctl(s->fd, VIDIOC_ENUMINPUT, &input) < 0) {
        res = AVERROR(errno);
        av_log(s1, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ioctl(VIDIOC_ENUMINPUT): %s\n", av_err2str(res));
        return res;
    }
    s->std_id = input.std;
    av_log(s1, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "input_channel: %d, input_name: %s\n",
           s->channel, input.name);

    if (s->list_format) {
        list_formats(s1, s->fd, s->list_format);
        return AVERROR_EXIT;
    }

    if (s->list_standard) {
        list_standards(s1);
        return AVERROR_EXIT;
    }

    avpriv_set_pts_info(st, 64, 1, 1000000); /* 64 bits pts in us */

    if (s->pixel_format) {
        AVCodec *codec = avcodec_find_decoder_by_name(s->pixel_format);

        if (codec)
            s1->video_codec_id = codec->id;

        pix_fmt = av_get_pix_fmt(s->pixel_format);

        if (pix_fmt == AV_PIX_FMT_NONE && !codec) {
            av_log(s1, AV_LOG_ERROR, "No such input format: %s.\n",
                   s->pixel_format);

            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
        }
    }

    if (!s->width && !s->height) {
        struct v4l2_format fmt;

        av_log(s1, AV_LOG_VERBOSE,
               "Querying the device for the current frame size\n");
        fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
        if (v4l2_ioctl(s->fd, VIDIOC_G_FMT, &fmt) < 0) {
            res = AVERROR(errno);
            av_log(s1, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ioctl(VIDIOC_G_FMT): %s\n", av_err2str(res));
            return res;
        }

        s->width  = fmt.fmt.pix.width;
        s->height = fmt.fmt.pix.height;
        av_log(s1, AV_LOG_VERBOSE,
               "Setting frame size to %dx%d\n", s->width, s->height);
    }

    res = device_try_init(s1, pix_fmt, &s->width, &s->height, &desired_format, &codec_id);
    if (res < 0) {
        v4l2_close(s->fd);
        return res;
    }

    /* If no pixel_format was specified, the codec_id was not known up
     * until now. Set video_codec_id in the context, as codec_id will
     * not be available outside this function
     */
    if (codec_id != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE && s1->video_codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_NONE)
        s1->video_codec_id = codec_id;

    if ((res = av_image_check_size(s->width, s->height, 0, s1)) < 0)
        return res;

    s->frame_format = desired_format;

    if ((res = v4l2_set_parameters(s1)) < 0)
        return res;

    st->codec->pix_fmt = fmt_v4l2ff(desired_format, codec_id);
    s->frame_size =
        avpicture_get_size(st->codec->pix_fmt, s->width, s->height);

    if ((res = mmap_init(s1)) ||
        (res = mmap_start(s1)) < 0) {
        v4l2_close(s->fd);
        return res;
    }

    s->top_field_first = first_field(s->fd);

    st->codec->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
    st->codec->codec_id = codec_id;
    if (codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO)
        st->codec->codec_tag =
            avcodec_pix_fmt_to_codec_tag(st->codec->pix_fmt);
    if (desired_format == V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420)
        st->codec->codec_tag = MKTAG('Y', 'V', '1', '2');
    else if (desired_format == V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU410)
        st->codec->codec_tag = MKTAG('Y', 'V', 'U', '9');
    st->codec->width = s->width;
    st->codec->height = s->height;
    st->codec->bit_rate = s->frame_size * av_q2d(st->avg_frame_rate) * 8;

    return 0;
}

static int v4l2_read_packet(AVFormatContext *s1, AVPacket *pkt)
{
    struct video_data *s = s1->priv_data;
    AVFrame *frame = s1->streams[0]->codec->coded_frame;
    int res;

    av_init_packet(pkt);
    pkt->data = NULL;
    pkt->size = 0;
    if ((res = mmap_read_frame(s1, pkt)) < 0) {
        return res;
    }

    if (frame && s->interlaced) {
        frame->interlaced_frame = 1;
        frame->top_field_first = s->top_field_first;
    }

    return pkt->size;
}

static int v4l2_read_close(AVFormatContext *s1)
{
    struct video_data *s = s1->priv_data;

    mmap_close(s);

    v4l2_close(s->fd);
    return 0;
}

#define OFFSET(x) offsetof(struct video_data, x)
#define DEC AV_OPT_FLAG_DECODING_PARAM

static const AVOption options[] = {
    { "standard",     "set TV standard, used only by analog frame grabber",       OFFSET(standard),     AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = NULL }, 0, 0,       DEC },
    { "channel",      "set TV channel, used only by frame grabber",               OFFSET(channel),      AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    {.i64 = 0 },    0, INT_MAX, DEC },
    { "video_size",   "set frame size",                                           OFFSET(width),        AV_OPT_TYPE_IMAGE_SIZE, {.str = NULL},  0, 0,   DEC },
    { "pixel_format", "set preferred pixel format",                               OFFSET(pixel_format), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = NULL},  0, 0,       DEC },
    { "input_format", "set preferred pixel format (for raw video) or codec name", OFFSET(pixel_format), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = NULL},  0, 0,       DEC },
    { "framerate",    "set frame rate",                                           OFFSET(framerate),    AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = NULL},  0, 0,       DEC },

    { "list_formats", "list available formats and exit",                          OFFSET(list_format),  AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    {.i64 = 0 },  0, INT_MAX, DEC, "list_formats" },
    { "all",          "show all available formats",                               OFFSET(list_format),  AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST,  {.i64 = V4L_ALLFORMATS  },    0, INT_MAX, DEC, "list_formats" },
    { "raw",          "show only non-compressed formats",                         OFFSET(list_format),  AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST,  {.i64 = V4L_RAWFORMATS  },    0, INT_MAX, DEC, "list_formats" },
    { "compressed",   "show only compressed formats",                             OFFSET(list_format),  AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST,  {.i64 = V4L_COMPFORMATS },    0, INT_MAX, DEC, "list_formats" },

    { "list_standards", "list supported standards and exit",                      OFFSET(list_standard), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,   {.i64 = 0 },  0, 1, DEC, "list_standards" },
    { "all",            "show all supported standards",                           OFFSET(list_standard), AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = 1 },  0, 0, DEC, "list_standards" },

    { "timestamps",   "set type of timestamps for grabbed frames",                OFFSET(ts_mode),      AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    {.i64 = 0 }, 0, 2, DEC, "timestamps" },
    { "ts",           "set type of timestamps for grabbed frames",                OFFSET(ts_mode),      AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    {.i64 = 0 }, 0, 2, DEC, "timestamps" },
    { "default",      "use timestamps from the kernel",                           OFFSET(ts_mode),      AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST,  {.i64 = V4L_TS_DEFAULT  }, 0, 2, DEC, "timestamps" },
    { "abs",          "use absolute timestamps (wall clock)",                     OFFSET(ts_mode),      AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST,  {.i64 = V4L_TS_ABS      }, 0, 2, DEC, "timestamps" },
    { "mono2abs",     "force conversion from monotonic to absolute timestamps",   OFFSET(ts_mode),      AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST,  {.i64 = V4L_TS_MONO2ABS }, 0, 2, DEC, "timestamps" },

    { NULL },
};

static const AVClass v4l2_class = {
    .class_name = "V4L2 indev",
    .item_name  = av_default_item_name,
    .option     = options,
    .version    = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
};

AVInputFormat ff_v4l2_demuxer = {
    .name           = "video4linux2,v4l2",
    .long_name      = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("Video4Linux2 device grab"),
    .priv_data_size = sizeof(struct video_data),
    .read_header    = v4l2_read_header,
    .read_packet    = v4l2_read_packet,
    .read_close     = v4l2_read_close,
    .flags          = AVFMT_NOFILE,
    .priv_class     = &v4l2_class,
};