Go to the documentation of this file.
47 #define ABS_UP_THRES 10
48 #define HIST_GRAIN 100
49 #define HIST_SIZE ((ABS_UP_THRES - ABS_THRES) * HIST_GRAIN + 1)
158 #define OFFSET(x) offsetof(EBUR128Context, x)
159 #define A AV_OPT_FLAG_AUDIO_PARAM
160 #define V AV_OPT_FLAG_VIDEO_PARAM
161 #define F AV_OPT_FLAG_FILTERING_PARAM
166 {
"framelog",
"force frame logging level",
OFFSET(loglevel),
AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = -1}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX,
A|
V|
F,
"level" },
175 {
"panlaw",
"set a specific pan law for dual-mono files",
OFFSET(pan_law),
AV_OPT_TYPE_DOUBLE, {.dbl = -3.01029995663978}, -10.0, 0.0,
A|
F },
176 {
"target",
"set a specific target level in LUFS (-23 to 0)",
OFFSET(target),
AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = -23}, -23, 0,
V|
F },
213 const int above_opt_max = y > ebur128->
y_opt_max;
214 const int below_opt_min = y < ebur128->
y_opt_min;
215 const int reached = y >= v;
217 const int colorid = 8*below_opt_min+ 4*
line + 2*reached + above_opt_max;
223 v += 2 * ebur128->
meter;
253 for (
i = 0; buf[
i];
i++) {
255 uint8_t *p = pic->
data[0] + y*pic->
linesize[0] + (x +
i*8)*3;
257 for (char_y = 0; char_y < font_height; char_y++) {
259 if (font[buf[
i] * font_height + char_y] &
mask)
262 memcpy(p,
"\x00\x00\x00", 3);
275 for (
i = 0;
i <
len;
i++) {
276 memcpy(p,
"\x00\xff\x00", 3);
291 if (ebur128->
w < 640 || ebur128->
h < 480) {
293 "minimum size is 640x480\n", ebur128->
w, ebur128->
h);
296 outlink->
w = ebur128->
w;
297 outlink->
h = ebur128->
h;
306 ebur128->
text.
y = 40;
307 ebur128->
text.
w = 3 * 8;
339 memset(outpicref->
data[0], 0, ebur128->
h * outpicref->
linesize[0]);
345 x =
PAD + (i < 10 && i > -10) * 8;
349 "%c%d", i < 0 ? '-' : i > 0 ?
'+' :
' ',
FFABS(
i));
358 for (y = 0; y < ebur128->
graph.
h; y++) {
361 for (x = 0; x < ebur128->
graph.
w; x++)
362 memcpy(p + x*3,
c, 3);
367 #define DRAW_RECT(r) do { \
368 drawline(outpicref, r.x, r.y - 1, r.w, 3); \
369 drawline(outpicref, r.x, r.y + r.h, r.w, 3); \
370 drawline(outpicref, r.x - 1, r.y, r.h, outpicref->linesize[0]); \
371 drawline(outpicref, r.x + r.w, r.y, r.h, outpicref->linesize[0]); \
387 double f0 = 1681.974450955533;
388 double G = 3.999843853973347;
389 double Q = 0.7071752369554196;
391 double K = tan(
M_PI * f0 / (
double)
inlink->sample_rate);
392 double Vh = pow(10.0,
G / 20.0);
393 double Vb = pow(Vh, 0.4996667741545416);
395 double a0 = 1.0 + K / Q + K * K;
397 ebur128->
pre_b[0] = (Vh + Vb * K / Q + K * K) /
a0;
398 ebur128->
pre_b[1] = 2.0 * (K * K - Vh) /
a0;
399 ebur128->
pre_b[2] = (Vh - Vb * K / Q + K * K) /
a0;
400 ebur128->
pre_a[1] = 2.0 * (K * K - 1.0) /
a0;
401 ebur128->
pre_a[2] = (1.0 - K / Q + K * K) /
a0;
403 f0 = 38.13547087602444;
404 Q = 0.5003270373238773;
405 K = tan(
M_PI * f0 / (
double)
inlink->sample_rate);
407 ebur128->
rlb_b[0] = 1.0;
408 ebur128->
rlb_b[1] = -2.0;
409 ebur128->
rlb_b[2] = 1.0;
410 ebur128->
rlb_a[1] = 2.0 * (K * K - 1.0) / (1.0 + K / Q + K * K);
411 ebur128->
rlb_a[2] = (1.0 - K / Q + K * K) / (1.0 + K / Q + K * K);
431 #define BACK_MASK (AV_CH_BACK_LEFT |AV_CH_BACK_CENTER |AV_CH_BACK_RIGHT| \
432 AV_CH_TOP_BACK_LEFT|AV_CH_TOP_BACK_CENTER|AV_CH_TOP_BACK_RIGHT| \
433 AV_CH_SIDE_LEFT |AV_CH_SIDE_RIGHT| \
434 AV_CH_SURROUND_DIRECT_LEFT |AV_CH_SURROUND_DIRECT_RIGHT)
437 ebur128->
x =
av_calloc(nb_channels, 3 *
sizeof(*ebur128->
x));
438 ebur128->
y =
av_calloc(nb_channels, 3 *
sizeof(*ebur128->
y));
439 ebur128->
z =
av_calloc(nb_channels, 3 *
sizeof(*ebur128->
z));
441 if (!ebur128->
ch_weighting || !ebur128->
x || !ebur128->
y || !ebur128->
z)
444 #define I400_BINS(x) ((x) * 4 / 10)
445 #define I3000_BINS(x) ((x) * 3)
455 for (
i = 0;
i < nb_channels;
i++) {
460 }
else if (chl < 64 && (1ULL << chl) &
BACK_MASK) {
478 #if CONFIG_SWRESAMPLE
482 ebur128->swr_buf =
av_malloc_array(nb_channels, 19200 *
sizeof(
double));
486 if (!ebur128->swr_buf || !ebur128->
true_peaks ||
513 #define ENERGY(loudness) (ff_exp10(((loudness) + 0.691) / 10.))
514 #define LOUDNESS(energy) (-0.691 + 10 * log10(energy))
515 #define DBFS(energy) (20 * log10(energy))
547 "True-peak mode requires libswresample to be performed\n");
589 #define HIST_POS(power) (int)(((power) - ABS_THRES) * HIST_GRAIN)
597 double relative_threshold;
608 if (!relative_threshold)
609 relative_threshold = 1e-12;
613 return gate_hist_pos;
618 int i, ch, idx_insample;
623 const double *
samples = (
double *)insamples->
data[0];
626 #
if CONFIG_SWRESAMPLE
628 const double *swr_samples = ebur128->swr_buf;
629 int ret =
swr_convert(ebur128->swr_ctx, (uint8_t**)&ebur128->swr_buf, 19200,
630 (
const uint8_t **)insamples->
data, nb_samples);
633 for (ch = 0; ch < nb_channels; ch++)
635 for (idx_insample = 0; idx_insample <
ret; idx_insample++) {
636 for (ch = 0; ch < nb_channels; ch++) {
646 for (idx_insample = ebur128->
idx_insample; idx_insample < nb_samples; idx_insample++) {
650 #define MOVE_TO_NEXT_CACHED_ENTRY(time) do { \
651 ebur128->i##time.cache_pos++; \
652 if (ebur128->i##time.cache_pos == \
653 ebur128->i##time.cache_size) { \
654 ebur128->i##time.filled = 1; \
655 ebur128->i##time.cache_pos = 0; \
662 for (ch = 0; ch < nb_channels; ch++) {
668 ebur128->
x[ch * 3] =
samples[idx_insample * nb_channels + ch];
674 #define FILTER(Y, X, NUM, DEN) do { \
675 double *dst = ebur128->Y + ch*3; \
676 double *src = ebur128->X + ch*3; \
679 dst[0] = src[0]*NUM[0] + src[1]*NUM[1] + src[2]*NUM[2] \
680 - dst[1]*DEN[1] - dst[2]*DEN[2]; \
685 ebur128->
x[ch * 3 + 2] = ebur128->
x[ch * 3 + 1];
686 ebur128->
x[ch * 3 + 1] = ebur128->
x[ch * 3 ];
689 bin = ebur128->
z[ch * 3] * ebur128->
z[ch * 3];
697 ebur128->
i400.
cache [ch][bin_id_400 ] = bin;
705 double loudness_400, loudness_3000;
706 double power_400 = 1e-12, power_3000 = 1e-12;
708 const int64_t
pts = insamples->
pts +
714 #define COMPUTE_LOUDNESS(m, time) do { \
715 if (ebur128->i##time.filled) { \
717 for (ch = 0; ch < nb_channels; ch++) \
718 power_##time += ebur128->ch_weighting[ch] * ebur128->i##time.sum[ch]; \
719 power_##time /= I##time##_BINS(inlink->sample_rate); \
721 loudness_##time = LOUDNESS(power_##time); \
728 #define I_GATE_THRES -10 // initially defined to -8 LU in the first EBU standard
731 double integrated_sum = 0.0;
732 uint64_t nb_integrated = 0;
740 nb_integrated += nb_v;
746 if (nb_channels == 1 && ebur128->
dual_mono) {
753 #define LRA_GATE_THRES -20
754 #define LRA_LOWER_PRC 10
755 #define LRA_HIGHER_PRC 95
760 uint64_t nb_powers = 0;
797 if (nb_channels == 1 && ebur128->
dual_mono) {
798 loudness_400 -= ebur128->
pan_law;
799 loudness_3000 -= ebur128->
pan_law;
802 #define LOG_FMT "TARGET:%d LUFS M:%6.1f S:%6.1f I:%6.1f %s LRA:%6.1f LU"
810 int y_loudness_lu_graph, y_loudness_lu_gauge;
813 gauge_value = loudness_400 - ebur128->
target;
815 gauge_value = loudness_3000 - ebur128->
target;
818 y_loudness_lu_graph =
lu_to_y(ebur128, loudness_3000 - ebur128->
target);
819 y_loudness_lu_gauge =
lu_to_y(ebur128, gauge_value);
823 p = pic->data[0] + ebur128->
graph.
y*pic->linesize[0] + ebur128->
graph.
x*3;
824 for (y = 0; y < ebur128->
graph.
h; y++) {
827 memmove(p, p + 3, (ebur128->
graph.
w - 1) * 3);
828 memcpy(p + (ebur128->
graph.
w - 1) * 3,
c, 3);
829 p += pic->linesize[0];
833 p = pic->data[0] + ebur128->
gauge.
y*pic->linesize[0] + ebur128->
gauge.
x*3;
834 for (y = 0; y < ebur128->
gauge.
h; y++) {
837 for (x = 0; x < ebur128->
gauge.
w; x++)
838 memcpy(p + x*3,
c, 3);
839 p += pic->linesize[0];
846 ebur128->
target, loudness_400, loudness_3000,
867 #define META_PREFIX "lavfi.r128."
869 #define SET_META(name, var) do { \
870 snprintf(metabuf, sizeof(metabuf), "%.3f", var); \
871 av_dict_set(&insamples->metadata, name, metabuf, 0); \
874 #define SET_META_PEAK(name, ptype) do { \
875 if (ebur128->peak_mode & PEAK_MODE_ ## ptype ## _PEAKS) { \
876 double max_peak = 0.0; \
878 for (ch = 0; ch < nb_channels; ch++) { \
879 snprintf(key, sizeof(key), \
880 META_PREFIX AV_STRINGIFY(name) "_peaks_ch%d", ch); \
881 max_peak = fmax(max_peak, ebur128->name##_peaks[ch]); \
882 SET_META(key, ebur128->name##_peaks[ch]); \
884 snprintf(key, sizeof(key), \
885 META_PREFIX AV_STRINGIFY(name) "_peak"); \
886 SET_META(key, max_peak); \
904 ebur128->
target, loudness_400, loudness_3000,
913 #define PRINT_PEAKS(str, sp, ptype) do { \
914 if (ebur128->peak_mode & PEAK_MODE_ ## ptype ## _PEAKS) { \
915 av_log(ctx, ebur128->loglevel, " " str ":"); \
916 for (ch = 0; ch < nb_channels; ch++) \
917 av_log(ctx, ebur128->loglevel, " %5.1f", DBFS(sp[ch])); \
918 av_log(ctx, ebur128->loglevel, " dBFS"); \
990 outlink =
ctx->outputs[1];
1028 " Integrated loudness:\n"
1030 " Threshold: %5.1f LUFS\n\n"
1031 " Loudness range:\n"
1033 " Threshold: %5.1f LUFS\n"
1034 " LRA low: %5.1f LUFS\n"
1035 " LRA high: %5.1f LUFS",
1040 #define PRINT_PEAK_SUMMARY(str, sp, ptype) do { \
1044 if (ebur128->peak_mode & PEAK_MODE_ ## ptype ## _PEAKS) { \
1045 for (ch = 0; ch < ebur128->nb_channels; ch++) \
1046 maxpeak = FFMAX(maxpeak, sp[ch]); \
1047 av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_INFO, "\n\n " str " peak:\n" \
1048 " Peak: %5.1f dBFS", \
1078 #if CONFIG_SWRESAMPLE
1102 .priv_class = &ebur128_class,
AVFrame * ff_get_video_buffer(AVFilterLink *link, int w, int h)
Request a picture buffer with a specific set of permissions.
A list of supported channel layouts.
AVPixelFormat
Pixel format.
int dual_mono
whether or not to treat single channel input files as dual-mono
double * z
3 RLB-filter samples cache for each channel
double * ch_weighting
channel weighting mapping
int y_opt_min
the y value (pixel position) for -1 LU
Filter the word “frame” indicates either a video frame or a group of audio as stored in an AVFrame structure Format for each input and each output the list of supported formats For video that means pixel format For audio that means channel sample they are references to shared objects When the negotiation mechanism computes the intersection of the formats supported at each end of a all references to both lists are replaced with a reference to the intersection And when a single format is eventually chosen for a link amongst the remaining all references to the list are updated That means that if a filter requires that its input and output have the same format amongst a supported all it has to do is use a reference to the same list of formats query_formats can leave some formats unset and return AVERROR(EAGAIN) to cause the negotiation mechanism toagain later. That can be used by filters with complex requirements to use the format negotiated on one link to set the formats supported on another. Frame references ownership and permissions
@ PEAK_MODE_SAMPLES_PEAKS
int filled
1 if the cache is completely filled, 0 otherwise
int gauge_type
whether gauge shows momentary or short
int y_opt_max
the y value (pixel position) for 1 LU
#define SET_META_PEAK(name, ptype)
@ AV_CHAN_LOW_FREQUENCY_2
#define PRINT_PEAKS(str, sp, ptype)
static const uint8_t * get_graph_color(const EBUR128Context *ebur128, int v, int y)
int ff_filter_frame(AVFilterLink *link, AVFrame *frame)
Send a frame of data to the next filter.
static enum AVSampleFormat sample_fmts[]
enum MovChannelLayoutTag * layouts
int do_video
1 if video output enabled, 0 otherwise
int sample_count
sample count used for refresh frequency, reset at refresh
The exact code depends on how similar the blocks are and how related they are to the and needs to apply these operations to the correct inlink or outlink if there are several Macros are available to factor that when no extra processing is inlink
void av_frame_free(AVFrame **frame)
Free the frame and any dynamically allocated objects in it, e.g.
This structure describes decoded (raw) audio or video data.
int av_frame_make_writable(AVFrame *frame)
Ensure that the frame data is writable, avoiding data copy if possible.
int64_t pts
Presentation timestamp in time_base units (time when frame should be shown to user).
trying all byte sequences megabyte in length and selecting the best looking sequence will yield cases to try But a word about which is also called distortion Distortion can be quantified by almost any quality measurement one chooses the sum of squared differences is used but more complex methods that consider psychovisual effects can be used as well It makes no difference in this discussion First step
AVFILTER_DEFINE_CLASS(ebur128)
#define FILTER_QUERY_FUNC(func)
static const AVOption ebur128_options[]
#define AV_LOG_VERBOSE
Detailed information.
static av_cold int init(AVFilterContext *ctx)
const char * name
Filter name.
static int config_audio_output(AVFilterLink *outlink)
double sum_kept_powers
sum of the powers (weighted sums) above absolute threshold
int nb_channels
Number of channels in this layout.
A link between two filters.
#define FF_FILTER_FORWARD_STATUS_BACK(outlink, inlink)
Forward the status on an output link to an input link.
uint8_t * data[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS]
pointer to the picture/channel planes.
static av_cold void uninit(AVFilterContext *ctx)
double pan_law
pan law value used to calculate dual-mono measurements
int ff_inlink_consume_frame(AVFilterLink *link, AVFrame **rframe)
Take a frame from the link's FIFO and update the link's stats.
double rlb_b[3]
rlb-filter numerator coefficients
static void drawline(AVFrame *pic, int x, int y, int len, int step)
static struct hist_entry * get_histogram(void)
int scale
display scale type of statistics
static int query_formats(AVFilterContext *ctx)
double rlb_a[3]
rlb-filter denominator coefficients
static av_always_inline float scale(float x, float s)
int cache_pos
focus on the last added bin in the cache array
int nb_samples
number of samples to consume per single input frame
A filter pad used for either input or output.
static const uint8_t font_colors[]
int metadata
whether or not to inject loudness results in frames
#define AV_LOG_ERROR
Something went wrong and cannot losslessly be recovered.
#define MOVE_TO_NEXT_CACHED_ENTRY(time)
#define FILTER(Y, X, NUM, DEN)
struct rect graph
rectangle for the main graph in the center
static int filter_frame(AVFilterLink *inlink, AVFrame *insamples)
av_cold int swr_init(struct SwrContext *s)
Initialize context after user parameters have been set.
static int config_video_output(AVFilterLink *outlink)
static const uint16_t mask[17]
double integrated_loudness
integrated loudness in LUFS (I)
int target
target level in LUFS used to set relative zero LU in visualization
AVRational sample_aspect_ratio
agreed upon sample aspect ratio
av_cold struct SwrContext * swr_alloc(void)
Allocate SwrContext.
#define av_assert0(cond)
assert() equivalent, that is always enabled.
AVRational frame_rate
Frame rate of the stream on the link, or 1/0 if unknown or variable; if left to 0/0,...
static enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmts[]
AVFrame * av_frame_clone(const AVFrame *src)
Create a new frame that references the same data as src.
int64_t av_rescale_q(int64_t a, AVRational bq, AVRational cq)
Rescale a 64-bit integer by 2 rational numbers.
static void drawtext(AVFrame *pic, int x, int y, int ftid, const uint8_t *color, const char *fmt,...)
The libswresample context.
double loudness
L = -0.691 + 10 * log10(E)
#define FILTER_INPUTS(array)
double * true_peaks_per_frame
true peaks in a frame per channel
#define FFABS(a)
Absolute value, Note, INT_MIN / INT64_MIN result in undefined behavior as they are not representable ...
double * sample_peaks
sample peaks per channel
#define HIST_GRAIN
defines histogram precision
Describe the class of an AVClass context structure.
static __device__ float fabs(float a)
int ff_inlink_consume_samples(AVFilterLink *link, unsigned min, unsigned max, AVFrame **rframe)
Take samples from the link's FIFO and update the link's stats.
int peak_mode
enabled peak modes
Rational number (pair of numerator and denominator).
@ AV_OPT_TYPE_IMAGE_SIZE
offset must point to two consecutive integers
double pre_b[3]
pre-filter numerator coefficients
struct rect gauge
rectangle for the gauge on the right
Undefined Behavior In the C some operations are like signed integer dereferencing freed accessing outside allocated Undefined Behavior must not occur in a C it is not safe even if the output of undefined operations is unused The unsafety may seem nit picking but Optimizing compilers have in fact optimized code on the assumption that no undefined Behavior occurs Optimizing code based on wrong assumptions can and has in some cases lead to effects beyond the output of computations The signed integer overflow problem in speed critical code Code which is highly optimized and works with signed integers sometimes has the problem that often the output of the computation does not c
int av_opt_set_int(void *obj, const char *name, int64_t val, int search_flags)
#define AVFILTER_FLAG_DYNAMIC_OUTPUTS
The number of the filter outputs is not determined just by AVFilter.outputs.
unsigned count
how many times the corresponding value occurred
double pre_a[3]
pre-filter denominator coefficients
int y_zero_lu
the y value (pixel position) for 0 LU
struct integrator i3000
3s integrator, used for Short term loudness (S), and Loudness Range (LRA)
static int activate(AVFilterContext *ctx)
@ AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24
packed RGB 8:8:8, 24bpp, RGBRGB...
#define av_ts2timestr(ts, tb)
Convenience macro, the return value should be used only directly in function arguments but never stan...
#define NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL(x)
Return NULL if CONFIG_SMALL is true, otherwise the argument without modification.
int av_opt_set_chlayout(void *obj, const char *name, const AVChannelLayout *channel_layout, int search_flags)
int format
agreed upon media format
static AVRational av_make_q(int num, int den)
Create an AVRational.
av_cold void swr_free(SwrContext **ss)
Free the given SwrContext and set the pointer to NULL.
int attribute_align_arg swr_convert(struct SwrContext *s, uint8_t **out_arg, int out_count, const uint8_t **in_arg, int in_count)
Convert audio.
AVFilterContext * src
source filter
AVFilterFormatsConfig incfg
Lists of supported formats / etc.
AVFrame * outpicref
output picture reference, updated regularly
FF_FILTER_FORWARD_WANTED(outlink, inlink)
int h
size of the video output
#define AV_LOG_INFO
Standard information.
#define PRINT_PEAK_SUMMARY(str, sp, ptype)
int sample_rate
samples per second
int nb_samples
number of audio samples (per channel) described by this frame
const uint8_t avpriv_vga16_font[4096]
#define i(width, name, range_min, range_max)
double * y
3 pre-filter samples cache for each channel
struct rect text
rectangle for the LU legend on the left
int w
agreed upon image width
int * y_line_ref
y reference values for drawing the LU lines in the graph and the gauge
#define av_malloc_array(a, b)
AVSampleFormat
Audio sample formats.
double rel_threshold
relative threshold
#define ABS_THRES
silence gate: we discard anything below this absolute (LUFS) threshold
const char * name
Pad name.
int nb_kept_powers
number of sum above absolute threshold
double * true_peaks
true peaks per channel
void * av_calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
double loudness_range
loudness range in LU (LRA)
enum AVChannel av_channel_layout_channel_from_index(const AVChannelLayout *channel_layout, unsigned int idx)
Get the channel with the given index in a channel layout.
double energy
E = 10^((L + 0.691) / 10)
static const uint8_t graph_colors[]
double * sum
sum of the last N ms filtered samples (cache content)
double lra_high
low and high LRA values
AVRational sample_aspect_ratio
Sample aspect ratio for the video frame, 0/1 if unknown/unspecified.
const AVFilter ff_af_ebur128
int scale_range
the range of LU values according to the meter
static float power(float r, float g, float b, float max)
#define SET_META(name, var)
int h
agreed upon image height
int meter
select a EBU mode between +9 and +18
AVFrame * insamples
input samples reference, updated regularly
Filter the word “frame” indicates either a video frame or a group of audio samples
AVRational time_base
Define the time base used by the PTS of the frames/samples which will pass through this link.
double ** cache
window of filtered samples (N ms)
static const AVFilterPad ebur128_inputs[]
AVChannelLayout ch_layout
channel layout of current buffer (see libavutil/channel_layout.h)
int ff_append_outpad(AVFilterContext *f, AVFilterPad *p)
const uint8_t avpriv_cga_font[2048]
int nb_channels
number of channels in the input
int idx_insample
current sample position of processed samples in single input frame
#define FF_FILTER_FORWARD_STATUS_ALL(inlink, filter)
Acknowledge the status on an input link and forward it to an output link.
struct integrator i400
400ms integrator, used for Momentary loudness (M), and Integrated loudness (I)
int linesize[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS]
For video, a positive or negative value, which is typically indicating the size in bytes of each pict...
static int config_audio_input(AVFilterLink *inlink)
struct hist_entry * histogram
histogram of the powers, used to compute LRA and I
double * x
3 input samples cache for each channel
@ AV_SAMPLE_FMT_DBL
double
static int lu_to_y(const EBUR128Context *ebur128, double v)
int av_opt_set_sample_fmt(void *obj, const char *name, enum AVSampleFormat fmt, int search_flags)
int loglevel
log level for frame logging
static int gate_update(struct integrator *integ, double power, double loudness, int gate_thres)
#define COMPUTE_LOUDNESS(m, time)
void ff_filter_set_ready(AVFilterContext *filter, unsigned priority)
Mark a filter ready and schedule it for activation.
A histogram is an array of HIST_SIZE hist_entry storing all the energies recorded (with an accuracy o...